Evidence and References

Body Maps of Emotions

Research showing that different emotions are associated with distinct patterns of bodily sensations.

Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Hari, R., & Hietanen, J. K. (2014). Bodily maps of emotions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(2), 646-651.

Affect Labeling

Putting feelings into words can reduce emotional reactivity by engaging prefrontal regions that regulate the amygdala.

Lieberman, M. D., Eisenberger, N. I., Crockett, M. J., Tom, S. M., Pfeifer, J. H., & Way, B. M. (2007). Putting feelings into words. Psychological Science, 18(5), 421-428.

Process Model of Emotion Regulation

A framework for understanding how and when people regulate their emotions.

Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271-299.

Interoceptive Awareness

The ability to perceive internal body signals is associated with emotional awareness and can be improved with practice.

Mehling, W. E., et al. (2012). The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA). PLoS One, 7(11), e48230.